Definitions and Glossary as per TRS 986 Annex 2
The definitions given below apply to the terms used in this guide. They may have
different meanings in other contexts
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
Any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical dosage
form and that, when so used, becomes an active ingredient of that pharmaceutical dosage form. Such substances are intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure and function of the body.
Airlock
An enclosed space with two or more doors, which is interposed between two or more rooms, e.g. of differing classes of cleanliness, for the purpose of controlling the airflow between those rooms when they need to be entered.
An airlock is designed for use either by people or for goods and/or equipment.
Authorized person
The person recognized by the national regulatory authority as having the responsibility for ensuring that each batch of finished product has been manufactured, tested and approved for release in compliance with the laws and regulations in force in that country.
Batch (or lot).
A defined quantity of starting material, packaging material, or product processed in a single process or series of processes so that it is expected to be homogeneous. It may sometimes be necessary to divide a batch into a number of sub-batches, which are later brought together to form a final homogeneous batch. In the case of terminal sterilization, the batch size is determined by the capacity of the autoclave. In continuous manufacture, the batch must correspond to a defined fraction of the production, characterized by its intended homogeneity. The batch size can be defined either as a fixed quantity or as the amount produced in a fixed time interval.
Batch number (or lot number).
A distinctive combination of numbers and/or letters which uniquely identifies a batch on the labels, its batch records
and corresponding certificates of analysis, etc.
Batch records.
All documents associated with the manufacture of a batch of bulk product or finished product. They provide a history of each batch of product and of all circumstances pertinent to the quality of the final product.
Bulk product.
Any product that has completed all processing stages up to, but not including, final packaging.
Calibration.
The set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values indicated by an instrument or system for measuring (especially weighing), recording, and controlling, or the values represented by a material measure, and the corresponding known values of a reference standard. Limits for acceptance of the results of measuring should be established.
Clean area.
An area with defined environmental control of particulate and microbial contamination, constructed and used in such a way as to reduce the introduction, generation, and retention of contaminants within the area.
Consignment (or delivery).
The quantity of a pharmaceutical or pharmaceuticals, made by one manufacturer and supplied at one time in
response to a particular request or order. A consignment may comprise one or more packages or containers and may include material belonging to more than one batch.
Contamination.
The undesired introduction of impurities of a chemical or microbiological nature, or of foreign matter, into or on to a starting material or intermediate during production, sampling, packaging or repackaging, storage or transport.
Critical operation.
An operation in the manufacturing process that may cause variation in the quality of the pharmaceutical product.
cross-contamination. Contamination of a starting material, intermediate product or finished product with another starting material or product during production.
Finished product.
A finished dosage form that has undergone all stages of manufacture, including packaging in its final container and labelling.
In-process control.
Checks performed during production in order to monitor and, if necessary, to adjust the process to ensure that the product conforms to its specifications. The control of the environment or equipment may also be regarded as a part of in-process control.
Intermediate product.
Partly processed product that must undergo further manufacturing steps before it becomes a bulk product.
large-volume parenterals. Sterile solutions intended for parenteral application with a volume of 100 ml or more in one container of the finished dosage form.
Manufacture.
All operations of purchase of materials and products,production, quality control (QC), release, storage and distribution of pharmaceutical products, and the related controls.
Manufacturer.
A company that carries out operations such as production,packaging, repackaging, labelling and relabelling of pharmaceuticals.
Marketing authorization (product licence, registration certificate).
A legal document issued by the competent medicines regulatory authority that establishes the detailed composition and formulation of the product and the pharmacopoeial or other recognized specifications of its ingredients and of
the final product itself, and includes details of packaging, labelling and shelf-life.
Master formula.
A document or set of documents specifying the starting materials with their quantities and the packaging materials, together with a description of the procedures and precautions required to produce a specified quantity of a finished product as well as the processing instructions, including the in-process controls.
Master record.
A document or set of documents that serve as a basis for the batch documentation (blank batch record).
packaging. All operations, including filling and labelling, that a bulk product has to undergo in order to become a finished product. Filling of a sterile product under aseptic conditions or a product intended to be terminally
sterilized, would not normally be regarded as part of packaging.
Packaging material.
Any material, including printed material, employed in the packaging of a pharmaceutical, but excluding any outer packaging used for transportation or shipment. Packaging materials are referred to as primary or secondary according to whether or not they are intended to be in direct contact with the product.
Pharmaceutical product.
Any material or product intended for human or veterinary use presented in its finished dosage form, or as a starting material for use in such a dosage form, that is subject to control by pharmaceutical legislation in the exporting state and/or the importing state.
Production.
All operations involved in the preparation of a pharmaceutical product, from receipt of materials, through processing, packaging and repackaging,labelling and relabelling, to completion of the finished product.
Qualification.
Action of proving that any premises, systems and items of equipment work correctly and actually lead to the expected results. The meaning of the word “validation” is sometimes extended to incorporate the concept
of qualification.
Quality unit(s).
An organizational unit independent of production which fulfils both quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) responsibilities. This can be in the form of separate QA and QC units or a single individual or group,depending upon the size and structure of the organization.
Quarantine.
The status of starting or packaging materials, intermediates,or bulk or finished products isolated physically or by other effective means while a decision is awaited on their release, rejection or reprocessing.
Reconciliation.
A comparison between the theoretical quantity and the .actual quantity.
Recovery.
The introduction of all or part of previous batches (or of redistilled solvents and similar products) of the required quality into another batch at a defined stage of manufacture. It includes the removal of impurities from waste to obtain a pure substance or the recovery of used materials for a separate use.
Reprocessing.
Subjecting all or part of a batch or lot of an in-process medicine, bulk process intermediate (final biological bulk intermediate) or bulk product of a single batch or lot to a previous step in the validated manufacturing process due to failure to meet predetermined specifications.
Reprocessing
procedures are foreseen as occasionally necessary for biological medicines and, in such cases, are validated and pre-approved as part of the marketing authorization.
Reworking.
Subjecting an in-process or bulk process intermediate (final biological bulk intermediate) or final product of a single batch to an alternate manufacturing process due to a failure to meet predetermined specifications.Reworking is an unexpected occurrence and is not pre-approved as part of the marketing authorization.
Self-contained area.
Premises which provide complete and total separation of all aspects of an operation, including personnel and equipment movement, with well established procedures, controls and monitoring. This includes physical barriers as well as separate air-handling systems, but does not necessarily imply two distinct and separate buildings.
Specification.
A list of detailed requirements with which the products or materials used or obtained during manufacture have to conform. They serve as a basis for quality evaluation.
Standard operating procedure (SOP).
An authorized written procedure giving instructions for performing operations not necessarily specific to a given
product or material (e.g. equipment operation, maintenance and cleaning;validation; cleaning of premises and environmental control; sampling and inspection). Certain SOPs may be used to supplement product-specific master
and batch production documentation.
Starting material.
Any substance of a defined quality used in the production of a pharmaceutical product, but excluding packaging materials.
Validation.
Action of proving, in accordance with the principles of GMP,that any procedure, process, equipment, material, activity or system actually leads to the expected results.
Thank you for visit and for more pharma updates click here – https://pharmaguidances.com
